chapter 3.5 : Precedence of Java Operators

Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.

Category	Operator	Associativity
Postfix	() [] . (dot operator)	Left to right
Unary	++ - - ! ~	Right to left
Multiplicative	* / %	Left to right
Additive	+ -	Left to right
Shift	>> >>> <<	Left to right
Relational	> >= < <=	Left to right
Equality	== !=	Left to right
Bitwise AND	&	Left to right
Bitwise XOR	^	Left to right
Bitwise OR	|	Left to right
Logical AND	&&	Left to right
Logical OR	||	Left to right
Conditional	?:	Right to left
Assignment	= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |=	Right to left
Comma	,	Left to right

chapter 3.4 :T h e Logical Operators, Boolean Logical Operators, The Assignment Operator,Misc Operators and Conditional Operator ( ? : ):

T h e Logical Operators :

T he following table lists the logical operators :

Assume Boole an variable s A holds true and variable B holds false , the n:

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, the n the condition becomes true .	(A && B) is false .
||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, the n the condition be comes true .	(A || B) is true .
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Us e to re verses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true the n Logical NOT operator will make false .	!(A && B) is true .

Boolean Logical Operators :

The Boolean logical operators shown here operate only on boolean operands. All

of the binary logical operators combine two boolean values to form a resultant

boolean value.

Operator                                                                              Result

&                                                                                     Logical AND

|                                                                                       Logical OR

^                                                                                      Logical XOR (exclusive OR)

||                                                                                       Short-circuit OR

&&                                                                                  Short-circuit AND

!                                                                                       Logical unary NOT

&=                                                                                  AND assignment

|=                                                                                    OR assignment

^=                                                                                   XOR assignment

==                                                                                   Equal to

!=                                                                                    Not equal to

?:                                                                                   Ternary if-then-else

The Assignment Operator

The assignment operator is the single equal sign, =. The assignment operator works in Java much as it does in any other computer language. It has this general form:

var = expression;

Here, the type of var must be compatible with the type of expression. For example, consider

this fragment:

int x, y, z;

x = y = z = 100; // set x, y, and z to 100

This fragment sets the variables x, y, and z to 100 using a single statement.

Misc Operators

There are few other operators supported by Java Language.

Conditional Operator ( ? : ):

Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide which value should be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as:

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

Following is the example:

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]){

      int a , b;

      a = 10;

      b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;

      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " +  b );

      b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;

      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );

   }

}

This would produce the following result:

Value of b is : 30

Value of b is : 20